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- python - an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented
- programming language
-
- SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
- ppppyyyytttthhhhoooonnnn [ ----dddd ] [ ----iiii ] [ ----OOOO ] [ ----SSSS ] [ ----tttt ] [ ----uuuu ] [ ----vvvv ] [ ----xxxx
- ] [ ----XXXX ]
- [ ----cccc _c_o_m_m_a_n_d | _s_c_r_i_p_t | - ] [ _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s ]
-
- DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented
- programming language that combines remarkable power with
- very clear syntax. For an introduction to programming in
- Python you are referred to the Python Tutorial. The Python
- Library Reference documents built-in and standard types,
- constants, functions and modules. Finally, the Python
- Reference Manual describes the syntax and semantics of the
- core language in (perhaps too) much detail.
-
- Python's basic power can be extended with your own modules
- written in C or C++. On most systems such modules may be
- dynamically loaded. Python is also adaptable as an
- extension language for existing applications. See the
- internal documentation for hints.
-
- CCCCOOOOMMMMMMMMAAAANNNNDDDD LLLLIIIINNNNEEEE OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
- ----dddd Turn on parser debugging output (for wizards only,
- depending on compilation options).
-
- ----iiii When a script is passed as first argument or the ----cccc
- option is used, enter interactive mode after executing
- the script or the command. It does not read the
- $PYTHONSTARTUP file. This can be useful to inspect
- global variables or a stack trace when a script raises
- an exception.
-
- ----OOOO Turn on basic optimizations. This changes the filename
- extension for compiled (bytecode) files from ._p_y_c to
- _p_y_o.
-
- ----SSSS Disable the import of the module _s_i_t_e and the site-
- dependent manipulations of _s_y_s._p_a_t_h that it entails.
-
- ----tttt Issue a warning when a source file mixes tabs and
- spaces for indentation in a way that makes it depend on
- the worth of a tab expressed in spaces. Issue an error
- when the option is given twice.
-
- ----uuuu Force stdin, stdout and stderr to be totally
- unbuffered.
-
- ----vvvv Print a message each time a module is initialized,
-
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-
-
-
- showing the place (filename or built-in module) from
- which it is loaded.
-
- ----xxxx Skip the first line of the source. This is intended
- for a DOS specific hack only. Warning: the line
- numbers in error messages will be off by one!
-
- ----XXXX Make the standard exceptions strings instead of
- classes. Use for backward compatibility with old code
- only.
-
- ----cccc _c_o_m_m_a_n_d
- Specify the command to execute (see next section).
- This terminates the option list (following options are
- passed as arguments to the command).
-
- IIIINNNNTTTTEEEERRRRPPPPRRRREEEETTTTEEEERRRR IIIINNNNTTTTEEEERRRRFFFFAAAACCCCEEEE
- The interpreter interface resembles that of the UNIX shell:
- when called with standard input connected to a tty device,
- it prompts for commands and executes them until an EOF is
- read; when called with a file name argument or with a file
- as standard input, it reads and executes a _s_c_r_i_p_t from that
- file; when called with ----cccc _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, it executes the Python
- statement(s) given as _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Here _c_o_m_m_a_n_d may contain
- multiple statements separated by newlines. Leading
- whitespace is significant in Python statements! In non-
- interactive mode, the entire input is parsed befored it is
- executed.
-
- If available, the script name and additional arguments
- thereafter are passed to the script in the Python variable
- _s_y_s._a_r_g_v , which is a list of strings (you must first _i_m_p_o_r_t
- _s_y_s to be able to access it). If no script name is given,
- _s_y_s._a_r_g_v is empty; if ----cccc is used, _s_y_s._a_r_g_v[_0] contains the
- string '-_c'. Note that options interpreted by the Python
- interpreter itself are not placed in _s_y_s._a_r_g_v.
-
- In interactive mode, the primary prompt is `>>>'; the second
- prompt (which appears when a command is not complete) is
- `...'. The prompts can be changed by assignment to _s_y_s._p_s_1
- or _s_y_s._p_s_2. The interpreter quits when it reads an EOF at a
- prompt. When an unhandled exception occurs, a stack trace
- is printed and control returns to the primary prompt; in
- non-interactive mode, the interpreter exits after printing
- the stack trace. The interrupt signal raises the _K_e_y_b_o_a_r_d_-
- _I_n_t_e_r_r_u_p_t exception; other UNIX signals are not caught
- (except that SIGPIPE is sometimes ignored, in favor of the
- _I_O_E_r_r_o_r exception). Error messages are written to stderr.
-
- FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS AAAANNNNDDDD DDDDIIIIRRRREEEECCCCTTTTOOOORRRRIIIIEEEESSSS
- These are subject to difference depending on local
- installation conventions:
-
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-
-
-
- /usr/local/bin/python
- Recommended location of the interpreter.
-
- /usr/local/lib/python<version>
- Recommended location of the directory containing the
- standard modules.
-
- EEEENNNNVVVVIIIIRRRROOOONNNNMMMMEEEENNNNTTTT VVVVAAAARRRRIIIIAAAABBBBLLLLEEEESSSS
- PYTHONHOME
- Change the location of the standard Python libraries.
- By default, the libraries are searched in
- <prefix>/lib/python<version> and
- <exec_prefix>/lib/python<version>, where <prefix> and
- <exec_prefix> are installation-dependent directories,
- both defaulting to /usr/local. When $PYTHONHOME is set
- to a single directory, its value replaces both <prefix>
- and <exec_prefix>. To specify different values for
- these, set $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>:<exec_prefix>.
-
- PYTHONPATH
- Augments the default search path for module files. The
- format is the same as the shell's $PATH: one or more
- directory pathnames separated by colons. Non-existant
- directories are silently ignored. The default search
- path is installation dependent, but generally begins
- with <prefix>/lib/python<version> (see PYTHONHOME
- below). The default search path is always appended to
- $PYTHONPATH. If a script argument is given, the
- directory containing the script is inserted in the path
- in front of $PYTHONPATH. The search path can be
- manipulated from within a Python program as the
- variable _s_y_s._p_a_t_h .
-
- PYTHONSTARTUP
- If this is the name of a readable file, the Python
- commands in that file are executed before the first
- prompt is displayed in interactive mode. The file is
- executed in the same name space where interactive
- commands are executed so that objects defined or
- imported in it can be used without qualification in the
- interactive session. You can also change the prompts
- _s_y_s._p_s_1 and _s_y_s._p_s_2 in this file.
-
- PYTHONDEBUG
- If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent
- to specifying the ----dddd option.
-
- PYTHONINSPECT
- If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent
- to specifying the ----iiii option.
-
- PYTHONUNBUFFERED
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-
-
-
- If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent
- to specifying the ----uuuu option.
-
- PYTHONVERBOSE
- If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent
- to specifying the ----vvvv option.
-
- SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
- Python Tutorial
- Python Library Reference
- Python Reference Manual
-
- AAAAUUUUTTTTHHHHOOOORRRR
- Guido van Rossum
- CNRI
- 1895 Preston White Drive
- Reston, VA 20191
- USA
-
- E-mail: guido@cnri.reston.va.us, guido@python.org
-
- And a cast of thousands.
-
- IIIINNNNTTTTEEEERRRRNNNNEEEETTTT RRRREEEESSSSOOOOUUUURRRRCCCCEEEESSSS
- Web site: http://www.python.org
- FTP site: ftp://ftp.python.org
- Newsgroup: comp.lang.python
-
- CCCCOOOOPPPPYYYYRRRRIIIIGGGGHHHHTTTT
- Copyright 1991-1995 by Stichting Mathematisch Centrum,
- Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
-
- All Rights Reserved
-
- Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
- software and its documentation for any purpose and without
- fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright
- notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright
- notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
- documentation, and that the names of Stichting Mathematisch
- Centrum or CWI or Corporation for National Research
- Initiatives or CNRI not be used in advertising or publicity
- pertaining to distribution of the software without specific,
- written prior permission.
-
- While CWI is the initial source for this software, a
- modified version is made available by the Corporation for
- National Research Initiatives (CNRI) at the Internet address
- ftp://ftp.python.org.
-
- STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM AND CNRI DISCLAIM ALL
- WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL
-
-
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-
-
-
- IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO
- EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM OR CNRI BE LIABLE
- FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY
- DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
- PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
- OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH
- THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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